Everything about the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic totally explained
The
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was one of the
15 republics that made up the
former Soviet Union.
Name
The republic proclaimed in 1919 was called the
Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic. Its Ukrainian initials were УРСС (
URSS).
In 1936, the republic's name was changed, along with the names of all other Soviet republics, transposing the second and third words. It would be known from 1936–91 as the
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated
Ukrainian SSR, UkrSSR, or
UkSSR.
- , Ukrayins’ka Radyans’ka Sotsialistychna Respublika (URSR)
- , Ukrainskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika (USSR)
History
After the
break-up of the Russian Empire, several factions sought to create an independent Ukrainian state, alternately co-operating and struggling against each other. Ukrainian
Bolsheviks and
Mensheviks first participated in the
Ukrainian National Republic (UNR), which declared autonomy, and then independence in 1917.
The Bolsheviks favoured federation with
Russia, but lacking broad popular support within the UNR, convened a separate congress and declared a Soviet Republic of Ukraine (
Respublyka Rad Ukrayiny) on
December 25,
1917. Warfare ensued against the UNR, and a series of alliances and conflicts with anarchists and neo-haydamak bands. The Ukrainian Bolsheviks fared poorly at first, being pushed out of Ukraine altogether, and having the government dissolved for two interludes lasting several months (being reformed on
November 20,
1918, and
December 21,
1919). Eventually, with the support of the
Russian Army, the Ukrainian SSR ended up controlling much of Ukrainian territory after the Polish-Soviet
Peace of Riga.
On
December 30,
1922, along with the
Russian,
Byelorussian, and
Transcaucasian republics, the Ukrainian SSR was one of the founding members of the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). In September 1939 Ukrainian SSR was expanded to include West Ukraine, formerly under Polish rule. In 1945 Carpathia region was added as well,
In 1932 the government inflicted one of the largest national catastrophes in modern history on
Ukrainian nation. A man-made famine or
Holodomor caused a direct loss of human life estimated between 2.6 and 3.5 million, while numbers as high as 10 million are sometimes cited in the media.
After
World War II some amendments to the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR were accepted, which allowed it to act as a separate subject of international law in some cases and to a certain extent, remaining a part of the
USSR at the same time. In particular, these amendments allowed the Ukrainian SSR to become one of founding members of the
United Nations (UN) together with the
USSR and the
Byelorussian SSR. In reality this simply meant giving the Soviet Union extra seats (and votes) in the UN, since the Ukrainian SSR had no independent voice in international affairs. The Ukrainian SSR was renamed
Ukraine on
August 24,
1991, and split from the
USSR on the same day, becoming an independent state.
Leaders of the UkSSR
Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine, and de facto leaders of the republic:
Administrative divisions
The Ukrainian SSR consisted of many
oblasts (
provinces) some of which exist to this day, while others were liquidated and merged into other oblasts .
The Ukrainian SSR's capital was at first the city of
Kharkiv (Kharkov) (from 1918-1934) and from that point on — the city of
Kiev (Kyiv), the current capital of Ukraine. In 1954,
Crimea was transferred to the UkSSR from the
Russian SFSR.
Oblasts
Zakarpattia Oblast (included into the UkSSR on June 29, 1945; has the status of an oblast from January 22, 1946)
Lvov Oblast (formed on December 4, 1939)
Ivano-Frankovsk Oblast (until 1962: Stanislav Oblast)
Chernivtsi Oblast (formed on August 7, 1940)
Ternopol Oblast
Volyn Oblast
Rovno Oblast
Khmelnitsky Oblast (until 1954: Proskurov Oblast)
Zhitomir Oblast
Kiev Oblast
Vinnitsa Oblast
Cherkassy Oblast (formed on January 7, 1954)
Kirovograd Oblast (formed on January 12, 1939)
Chernigov Oblast
Sumy Oblast
|
Poltava Oblast
Odessa Oblast
Nikolayev Oblast
Kherson Oblast
Zaporozhye Oblast
Dnepropetrovsk Oblast
Kharkov Oblast
Donetsk Oblast (formed on July 2, 1932 from 5 okrugs; in July of 1938 — the oblast was divided into Stalino Oblast and Voroshilovgrad Oblast)
Lugansk Oblast (formed on June 3, 1938 by the request of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet; from 1935—1958 and from 1975—1990: Voroshilovgrad Oblast)
Krym Oblast (included into the UkSSR on February 19, 1954, an autonomous republic (KrASSR) from February 12, 1991)
Izmail Oblast (until 1941 Akerman Oblast, included on February 15, 1954 into Odessa Oblast)
Drogobych Oblast (included in May 21, 1958 into Lvov Oblast)
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Further Information
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